Lab
Notes
Here's where you will find information on the lab assignments.
The actual assignments are handed out at the beginning of each lab in
hard copy form.
Note: the latest lab will be listed first
Lab
11 - This lab will cover pointers, the vector<T>
classes, and class
inheritance. It will be useful to study the the example that
derives the Cylinder class from the Circle class.
Lab 10 - Friend functions and operator overloading will be
included in this lab, along with character arrays and the string
class. Here is a string class
summary document that you may find useful.
Lab 9 - This lab will be on structs and classes. Note that
the Quadratic class from this lab will be extended in Lab 10.
There will also be one more 2D array problem. The results of this
problem will be saved to a file and visualized using Matlab.
Lab 8 - This week's assignment will involve one- and two-
dimensional
arrays and matrices. You will use the matrix
multiply function matMult. Here is data
for the power plant problem (C) in case you need it.
Lab 7 - This week you will program the secant method, a root-finding
algorithm similar to the Newton-Raphson
method (the example is from the day class). You will also do
several file I/O problems. Reviewing the material in Sections
12.1 and 12.2 of the text will be
useful. Finally, there is one more interesting (i.e., fun!) problem
using random numbers.
Lab 6 - This lab will include the use of the random number
generator
functions rand()
and srand().
Please see the discussion on pages 97-101 of the text and the posted
examples.
There will also be problem using a recursive
function. Here is a description of recursive
functions that you should read before doing problem F.
Lab 5 - This lab covers functions, including the use of the return statement, and using call-by-value and call-by-reference to exchange
information between a calling function and a called function.
Lab 4 - This lab continues exploration of control structures for
branching (multiway if-else, switch statements) and looping (for statement). Here is a
website describing Roman numerals
that will be useful.
Lab 3 - This assignment will involve control structures for
branching (if, if-else statements) and looping (while,
do-while
statements).
Lab 2 - This assignment will explore data
types and
arithmetic operations.
Representation of Integers
Here's the information on how integers are stored in the computer:
To represent positive and negative integers using an 8-bit
byte, the two's complement method is used. In this
method, the right-most bit represents 2 raised to the zero'th power,
the
next bit to the left represents 2 raised to the first power, and
so on. Finally, the left-most bit represents 2 raised to the
seventh power (128) times ( -1). Thus, an eight-bit value
box used for two's-complement representation of integers is
|-128 | 64 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2
| 1
|
------------------------------------------
|
| | |
| | |
| |
To get the value of an integer from its bit pattern, simply fill in
the box and add the numbers where the ones appear:
For example, the pattern 10001000
|-128
| 64 | 32 | 16 | 8 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
------------------------------------------
| 1 | 0
| 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
gives -128 + 8 = -120
C++ actually uses integers with two or more bytes for storage, but the
principle is the same.
+
Loss of Significance When Subtracting
Nearly Equal Floating Point Numbers
When two floating point numbers, very close to each other, are
subtracted
there can be a loss of significant digits in the result. This is
called subtractive cancellation.
For example, if x = 1.23457 and y = 1.23456, then x - y is
0.00001. When normalized as in the floating point exercise
presented
in class (see the day class notes), the result is 1.00000 x 10-5.
The added
zeros are not significant, however. This result has only one
significant digit. Furthermore, if these numbers were to be
represented on a computer with only 4 digits in the mantissa, the
result would be 0, i.e., the one significant digit would be lost.
Representing Characters in C++
Characters are represented using the ASCII character set that
associates an integer with each character. The ASCII character
set is also given in Appendix 3 of the Savitch text.
Lab
1 - In this lab you will write your first C++
programs. One of the short answer questions asks about errors. There are three types
of errors that will be encountered in programming:
Syntax error - a mistake
in the syntax of the C/C++ language occurred in the source code.
This error will generate a compiler message; no executable (a.out) file
will be produced.
Run-time error - the program
compiles without error and produces an executable file. Whe the
program is run it fails to run to completion. Some kind of error
message will be produced. Trying to divide by zero or to take the
square root of a negative number causes a run-time error.
Logic error - the program
compiles and runs to completion but produces incorrect results.
One cause of a logic error is to use an incorrect equation in the
algorithm being coded. The incorrect result is noticed by comparison to
test cases that have known, correct results.
Lab
0 - In this assignment you are to work through the
exercises in the UNIX "Quick Start"
Guide and then do the lab problem in the assignment handout.
You should also go through the tutorial "Everything You
Need
to Know About UNIX for CSci 1113" which will be handed out in lab. The
tutorial is also available here in PDF format: UNIX
Tutorial Part 1 and UNIX Tutorial Part 2.
Note:
When using the systems in EE/CS 4-250 you may get a "file not found
message" when you try to use the g++ compiler. If this happens
enter the following command:
module load
soft/egcs/4.1
You can enter the following command so that the g++ compiler is
automatically available when you logon to any of the ITLabs computers:
module initadd
soft/egcs/4.1
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